Types of Infraestructures
Infrastructures are considered all networks and all systems of transmission and switchingthat enable communication between users. The infrastructures includes terminals, servers and networks.
Terminals
The terminals act as a citizen´s access to Information Society and are therefore of paramount importance and are one of the elements that have evolved and are evolving: it iscontinuous the development of terminals that can tap the digitization of information and the increasing availability of infrastructures for sharing this digital information.
The home equipement is gradually complementing with other digital entertainment devices. Six out of ten houses have DVD, one out of four have digital camera. The home cinema or de digital camcorder have had a lowest evolution, experiencing very low growth in recent years.
Developments related to the ability and the miniaturization of storage devices have allowedthe creation of a set of new portable devices that manage multimedia content, such as portable MP3 players or video.
The home equipement is gradually complementing with other digital entertainment devices. Six out of ten houses have DVD, one out of four have digital camera. The home cinema or de digital camcorder have had a lowest evolution, experiencing very low growth in recent years.
Developments related to the ability and the miniaturization of storage devices have allowedthe creation of a set of new portable devices that manage multimedia content, such as portable MP3 players or video.
Servers
A server is a computer program running to serve the requests of other programs, the clients. Thus, the "server" performs some computational task on behalf of "clients". The clients either run on the same computer or connect through the network.
In most common use, server is a physical computer dedicated to running one or more such services to serve the needs of users of the other computers on the network.
Servers provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large organization or to public users via the Internet. For example, when you enter a question in a search engine, the question is sent from your computer over the internet to the servers that store all the relevant web pages. The results are sent back by the server to your computer.
Almost the entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client-server model. High-level root nameservers, DNS Server, and routers direct the traffic on the internet. There are millions of servers connected to the Internet, running continuously throughout the world:
In most common use, server is a physical computer dedicated to running one or more such services to serve the needs of users of the other computers on the network.
Servers provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large organization or to public users via the Internet. For example, when you enter a question in a search engine, the question is sent from your computer over the internet to the servers that store all the relevant web pages. The results are sent back by the server to your computer.
Almost the entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client-server model. High-level root nameservers, DNS Server, and routers direct the traffic on the internet. There are millions of servers connected to the Internet, running continuously throughout the world:
- World Wide Web
- Chat and instant messaging
- Voice communication
- Streaming audio and video
- Online gaming
- Database servers
- Chat and instant messaging
- Voice communication
- Streaming audio and video
- Online gaming
- Database servers
- Domain Name System
- FTP file transfer
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Networks
They are nets of information that process, store and transmit information without restrictionsof distance, time or volume.
We can classify them in two important groups: Access Networks and Transport Networks
We can classify them in two important groups: Access Networks and Transport Networks
Access Networks
An access network is the type of net which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider.
We can find two types of access networks:
- Physical Wired
- Wireless Access
In the first case, we have access through a wire that can be as simple as a telephone pairor as specialized as a optical fiber wire. In the second case, the most important developments occur in the cellular-type access, WiFi and recently the called WiMax.
The optical fiber is a flexible, transparent mad of pure glass. It functions as a waveguide to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.
We can find two types of access networks:
- Physical Wired
- Wireless Access
In the first case, we have access through a wire that can be as simple as a telephone pairor as specialized as a optical fiber wire. In the second case, the most important developments occur in the cellular-type access, WiFi and recently the called WiMax.
The optical fiber is a flexible, transparent mad of pure glass. It functions as a waveguide to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.
Transport Networks
It is a national network with high capacity structured in layers. It carries user information from one point to another. It transfers different kinds of network control information, such as signaling and information of operations of maintenance. They are usually made of optical fiber.
How does the Optical Fiber Function?
ADSL
It is a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. ADSL can generally only be distributed over short distances from the central office, typically less than 4 kilometres, but has been known to exceed 8 kilometres if the originally laid wire gauge allows for further distribution.
At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL are typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reach a conventional Internet Protocol network.
At the telephone exchange the line generally terminates at a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) where another frequency splitter separates the voice band signal for the conventional phone network. Data carried by the ADSL are typically routed over the telephone company's data network and eventually reach a conventional Internet Protocol network.